Roadmap for the development of candidate vaccines for FMD

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Vaccine

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Dependencies

2 Naturally attenuated candidates
2A Safety
2B Delivery route
2C Delivery platform
2D Efficacy in challenge model
3 Rationally attenuated candidates
3A Safety
3B Delivery route
3C Delivery platform
3D Efficacy in challenge model
4 Inactivated Vaccines
4A Safety
4B Delivery route
4C Delivery platform
4D Efficacy in challenge model
5 DNA/RNA vaccines
5A Safety
5B Delivery route
5C Delivery platform
5D Efficacy in challenge model
6 Subunit vaccines
6A Safety
6B Delivery route
6C Delivery platform
6D Efficacy in challenge model
7 Vectored vaccines
7A Safety
7B Delivery route
7C Delivery platform
7D Efficacy in challenge model

Development of a genetically stable, effective, FMD DIVA vaccine inducing fast and long-lasting protection and preventing infection after vaccination, for all species, with one inoculation.

Research Question

What are we trying to achieve and why? What is the problem we are trying to solve?

Highly efficacious
Rapid onset of immunity (0 to 4 days)
Long term immunity
Prevention of infection after vaccination
Reduce the need of applying high doses of immunogen produced in the new platforms
Protection of pigs from FMD
The development of intradermal vaccines, stimulating dendritic cells in the epidermis to initiate a wide range of immune response, and possibly obtaining “sterile” immunity

Research Gaps and Challenges

What are the scientific and technological challenges (knowledge gaps needing to be addressed)?

Cross-protection of vaccines
Better efficacy
High potency vaccines
Antigenic variation
Capsid stability
Difficulty adapting field strains to cell culture for vaccine production

Solution Routes

What approaches could/should be taken to address the research question?

Establish protection levels with various candidate vaccine options, including priming with one vaccine and boosting with a different vaccine
Conduct field studies in endemic situations

Dependencies

What else needs to be done before we can solve this need?

Development of a cross protective/multivalent vectored vaccine
Development of a cross protective rationally attenuated vaccine
Development of cross protective/multivalent killed vaccine
Development of a subunit vaccine
Development of DNA/RNA vaccines

State Of the Art

Existing knowledge including successes and failures

Current commercial FMD vaccines consist of inactivated (killed virus) formulated with various proprietary adjuvants
formulations. Several new vaccines technologies are being applied to develop new FMD vaccines (marked vaccines, use of vectors to deliver complete empty capsids of FMD and peptide-based vaccines).