Roadmap for Vector Transmission Control (VTC)

What are we trying to achieve and why? What is the problem we are trying to solve?

Determine the best methods to sample the vectors of concern
Develop methods for rapid and accurate identification of vector species

What are the scientific and technological challenges (knowledge gaps needing to be addressed)?

• Develop new ways for data mining population size and density (population genomics could include resistance, competence, presence of pathogens). There is a need for measuring effective population size and genetic diversity.
• Mosquito attractiveness to the host; to develop more attractive traps, light traps…
• Evaluate vector load on vertebrate host via host blood analysis for anti-vector antibodies
• Vector migration/invasion: how do certain vectors displace other vectors from a area/region
• What is best method to sample? Enormous variation within seasons and localities.

What approaches could/should be taken to address the research question?

• Variation in seasons – cyclical
• Population genetic tools need to be developed so that we have a more stable measure for determining the size of the population and to monitor it– looking at genetic diversity for high level cycles in population
• Dragging is a commonly used method for sampling ticks, but it can be time-consuming and may not capture all stages of the tick life and there is a need to exploring alternative methods such as bait boxes and host-seeking traps that can be more effective in capturing ticks at different stages of their life cycle.
• Identification of molecular markers (i.e., SNPS) for resistance to acaricides, etc.

What else needs to be done before we can solve this need?

Vector whole genome sequences
Environmental DNA sampling

Existing knowledge including successes and failures

Field sampling methods for mosquitoes, sandflies, biting midges and ticks
VectorNet project 2014-2018 (2018)
There has been studies in Kenya that looked at attractants for mosquitos – it is know that they like to bite faces and feet. Chemicals have been characterized and synthesized and added to cloth traps and it gave a reduction in vector density