Roadmap for Immunomodulators

What are we trying to achieve and why? What is the problem we are trying to solve?

Define mechanisms of interaction between microorganisms and the host immune system.

What are the scientific and technological challenges (knowledge gaps needing to be addressed)?

Influence of anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory molecules on receptor expression.
Include antibiotic sensitive bacterial strains similar to those in the gut which are AMR since this generates an exclusion effect and stimulates immunity.
Understanding ecology in terms of microbes
Product with competitive exclusion properties with attention of the immune system activation. Is expectant that adhesion of product activates the local and systemic immunity. Is important to avoid over inflammation.
Product with competitive exclusion properties that bind to adhesions on surface of bacterial pathogens and prevent interactions with host tissues.
To produce stable molecule or sub-unit structures that mimic the adhesins of gut bacteria to epithelial cells and mucin.

What approaches could/should be taken to address the research question?

Bacteria.
Glycoproteins.
Mimetics from agricultural residues.
Tools for quantitative expression of receptors based on PCR, proteomics, glycomics, and or immunoassays.

Identify products with affinity receptors of interest. Other think the competitive exclusion, the product should stimulate a targeted immune response against specific pathogen (there is already a vaccine based on this mechanism of action. This product is more than a vaccine).

Glycomic analyses of surface glycans and glycoproteins to inform the structure of soluble decoys.
Determine sources of soluble decoys (e.g., dairy waste) for extraction.
Either take an approach such as this or seek to analyse the basis of adhesion.

What else needs to be done before we can solve this need?

Investigating products, bacteria and/or glycoproteins (e.g., lectins) able to interfere with bacterial colonisation (e.g., occupying the same site of adhesion/niche of pathogens, such as receptor on the small intestine for E. coli F4 and F18).
Investigating interaction between host and the selected product.
Investigating the timing of administration to boost the effect:
-dose effect;
-age effect of animal adhesion/niche of pathogens, such as receptor on the small intestine for E. coli F4 and F18).
Developing soluble decoys to prevent adherence/colonisation of bacterial pathogens.
Identifying the receptors recognised by pathogens.

Much better understanding of adhesins and also 3D interaction with the host receptors and effect of adhesion on gut physiology.
(Investigating competitive exclusion- Investigating products, bacteria and/or glycoproteins (e.g., lectins) able to interfere with bacterial colonisation (e.g., occupying the same site of adhesion/niche of pathogens, such as receptor on the small intestine for E. coli F4 and F18).
Developing soluble decoys to prevent adherence of bacterial pathogens.)

Existing knowledge including successes and failures