Antimicrobial Resistance and Alternatives to Antimicrobials roadmap:

Diagnostic Tests

Roadmap for Immunomodulators

Download Alternatives-to-Antibiotics-Report-2022

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Chemicals / phytochemicals

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Immunomodulatory agents

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Other immunomodulators

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Microorganisms and their products as immunotherapy

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Microbiota optimisation

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Immune pathway regulation

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Other immunomodulators

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Acquired immunity

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Innate defense pathways and sensory mechanisms

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Understanding of immune competence

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	Lead Summary	Challenges and gap analysis
1	Immunomodulatory agents	Immunomodulatory agents
2	Chemicals / phytochemicals	Chemicals / phytochemicals
3	Other immunomodulators	Other immunomodulators (e.g. AMPs, nanozybiotic…)
4	PRR Agonists	Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) agonists
5	Microorganisms and their products as immunotherapy	Microorganisms and their products as immunotherapy
6	Microbiota optimisation	Microbiota optimisation (including microbiome)
7	Immune pathway regulation	Immune pathway regulation
8	Infection/vaccination	Infection/vaccination
9	Acquired immunity	Acquired immunity – see Vaccinology Roadmap
10	Early life programming of immune systems	Early life programming of immune system
11	Nutritional status & immune protection	Nutrients & immune protection
12	Metabolic cost	Metabolic cost
13	Immune-inflammatory balance	Immune-inflammatory balance
14	Epithellai cell function/matabolism at mucasal surfaces	Epithellai cell function/matabolism at mucasal surfaces
15	Host-microorganism interaction	Host-microorganism interaction
16	Innate defense pathways and sensory mechanisms	Innate defence pathways
17	Understanding of immune competence