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Helminths (including anthelmintic resistance) roadmap:
Vaccines

Roadmap for the development of candidate vaccines for liver fluke

Download Liver-Fluke-Vaccine-Roadmap-1
--- config: theme: default defaultRenderer: 'elk' themeVariables: lineColor: "red" --- flowchart LR 22001["

5

DNA/RNA vaccines
  • ASafety
  • BDelivery route
  • CDelivery platform
  • DEfficacy in challenge model
"] --> 22000["

1

Vaccine
    "] 22003["

    6

    Subunit vaccines
    • ASafety
    • BDelivery route
    • CDelivery platform
    • DEfficacy in challenge model
    "] --> 22000["

    1

    Vaccine
      "] 22004["

      7

      Vectored vaccines
      • ASafety
      • BDelivery route
      • CDelivery platform
      • DEfficacy in challenge model
      "] --> 22000["

      1

      Vaccine
        "] 22005["

        9

        Adjuvant
          "] --> 22001["

          5

          DNA/RNA vaccines
          • ASafety
          • BDelivery route
          • CDelivery platform
          • DEfficacy in challenge model
          "] 22005["

          9

          Adjuvant
            "] --> 22003["

            6

            Subunit vaccines
            • ASafety
            • BDelivery route
            • CDelivery platform
            • DEfficacy in challenge model
            "] 22006["

            10

            Expression system
              "] --> 22005["

              9

              Adjuvant
                "] 22007["

                11

                Vector
                  "] --> 22004["

                  7

                  Vectored vaccines
                  • ASafety
                  • BDelivery route
                  • CDelivery platform
                  • DEfficacy in challenge model
                  "] 22009["

                  12

                  Identity of protective antigens
                    "] --> 22005["

                    9

                    Adjuvant
                      "] 22009["

                      12

                      Identity of protective antigens
                        "] --> 22006["

                        10

                        Expression system
                          "] 22009["

                          12

                          Identity of protective antigens
                            "] --> 22007["

                            11

                            Vector
                              "] 22010["

                              13

                              Identity of virulence factors
                                "] --> 22009["

                                12

                                Identity of protective antigens
                                  "] 22013["

                                  14

                                  Identity of immunomodulators
                                    "] --> 22009["

                                    12

                                    Identity of protective antigens
                                      "] 22015["

                                      15

                                      Host responses to natural infection
                                        "] --> 22009["

                                        12

                                        Identity of protective antigens
                                          "] 22015["

                                          15

                                          Host responses to natural infection
                                            "] --> 21997["

                                            16

                                            Identity of mechanisms of protection
                                            • AAntibody response
                                            • BCell mediated immunity
                                            "] 21997["

                                            16

                                            Identity of mechanisms of protection
                                            • AAntibody response
                                            • BCell mediated immunity
                                            "] --> 22009["

                                            12

                                            Identity of protective antigens
                                              "] 22021["

                                              17

                                              Host pathogen interactions
                                              • AEntry
                                              • BReplication
                                              • CPersistence clearance
                                              "] --> 22010["

                                              13

                                              Identity of virulence factors
                                                "] 22021["

                                                17

                                                Host pathogen interactions
                                                • AEntry
                                                • BReplication
                                                • CPersistence clearance
                                                "] --> 22013["

                                                14

                                                Identity of immunomodulators
                                                  "] 22021["

                                                  17

                                                  Host pathogen interactions
                                                  • AEntry
                                                  • BReplication
                                                  • CPersistence clearance
                                                  "] --> 22015["

                                                  15

                                                  Host responses to natural infection
                                                    "] 22021["

                                                    17

                                                    Host pathogen interactions
                                                    • AEntry
                                                    • BReplication
                                                    • CPersistence clearance
                                                    "] --> 22024["

                                                    18

                                                    Challenge model
                                                      "] 22024["

                                                      18

                                                      Challenge model
                                                        "] --> 22000["

                                                        1

                                                        Vaccine
                                                          "] 22025["

                                                          19

                                                          Pathogen genome
                                                            "] --> 22021["

                                                            17

                                                            Host pathogen interactions
                                                            • AEntry
                                                            • BReplication
                                                            • CPersistence clearance
                                                            "] linkStyle default stroke-width:1px,stroke:#3bcaf2
                                                            Lead Summary Challenges and gap analysis
                                                            1 Vaccine Vaccine giving long-lasting protection against infection by F. hepatica
                                                            5D Efficacy in challenge model
                                                            5C Delivery platform
                                                            5B Delivery route
                                                            5A Safety
                                                            5 DNA/RNA vaccines Development of nucleic acid-based vaccines
                                                            6D Efficacy in challenge model
                                                            6C Delivery platform
                                                            6B Delivery route
                                                            6A Safety
                                                            6 Subunit vaccines Development of subunit/peptide vaccine
                                                            7D Efficacy in challenge model
                                                            7C Delivery platform
                                                            7B Delivery route
                                                            7A Safety
                                                            7 Vectored vaccines Development of a vectored vaccine
                                                            9 Adjuvant Conventional and molecular Adjuvants
                                                            10 Expression system Expression system for subunit vaccine
                                                            11 Vector Vector identification for Vectored vaccine
                                                            12 Identity of protective antigens Identity of Protective antigens
                                                            13 Identity of virulence factors Identity of parasite virulence factors
                                                            14 Identity of immunomodulators Identity of immunomodulators
                                                            15 Host responses to natural infection Host response to natural infection
                                                            16B Cell mediated immunity
                                                            16A Antibody response
                                                            16 Identity of mechanisms of protection Identify Mechanisms of protection against F. hepatica
                                                            17C Persistence clearance
                                                            17B Replication
                                                            17A Entry
                                                            17 Host pathogen interactions Host-parasite interactions
                                                            18 Challenge model Challenge model
                                                            19 Pathogen genome Bystander Immunoregulation